In a dark history of failed institutions, this study highlights the moral agency individuals of different religious backgrounds exercised, making conscious choices to help or refuse to harm targeted Tutsi, even at great personal risk. The study shows the importance of a trusted community and cohesive social network in survival and resilience during mass violence.
Respondents who were targeted to be killed reported the types and manner of help they received during the Genocide, with a comparison between respondents who were Jehovah’s Witnesses during the Genocide and those who were non-JWs in 1994. Although being a small and vulnerable group, Jehovah’s Witnesses had the advantage of having a social and religious network solidified during the decade of religious persecution prior to the Genocide. The following are key findings of helping behaviors during the Genocide:
- Results show that 80% of targeted Jehovah’s Witnesses received help from baptized believers or others associated with the faith community. Additionally, 21% of targeted non-JWs reported receiving help from those in the small faith community of Jehovah’s Witnesses.
- Targeted Jehovah’s Witnesses received more help than non-JWs received. Of the Witnesses, 50% were hidden by others, 47% received food/supplies, 41% were warned of danger, and 35% reported helpers who risked their lives.
- JW helpers were more likely to coordinate help with a network of support; 20% of targeted Jehovah’s Witnesses received help from over 15 people, even when in danger for longer periods.
- Nearly 30 years later, almost two thirds (63%) of those who were Jehovah’s Witnesses during the Genocide remained in contact with those who helped them survive. Thus, rescue experiences would become part of the community’s collective memory and identity, further fostering a sense of belonging and mutual support. (Figure 5.20)
Figure 5.20, Types of Help Received During the Genocide – Targeted Jehovah’s Witnesses and Non-JWs
